Lecture 3: The Cell
Lecture
Cell Lab
Crossword Cell
Worksheets - DNA
and Protein Synthesis
|
California State Standard
The
fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of
chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism's
cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
-
Students know cells are
enclosed within semipermeable membranes that regulate their interaction
with their surroundings.
- Students know how prokaryotic
cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and
viruses differ in complexity and general structure.
-
Students know the central
dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from
transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation
of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
- Students know the role of the
endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins.
- Students
know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy
available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon
dioxide.
|
A. Cell structure and function
1. Complex organisms are made of small units -
cells, which
are the structural and functional units of life. Study of cell
"cytology"
2. One of most important theories of biology is the CELL
THEORY.
- All organisms are composed of cells or
cell
fragments, which are the basic units of structure and function.
- All cells are produced from other cells.
3. Cells are 3 dimensional, come in different sizes
and shapes: cubes, flat, long (nerves), columns, small (bacteria),
large
(egg), very large (ostrich egg)
3. Many organisms are one-celled:
- Bacteria - prokaryotes
- Amoeba - eukaryotes
4. Single celled organisms must carry out all life
functions. They have particular difficulty and are often very complex
in order to carry out life functions.
5. Life functions:
- Secure food for energy
- Remove wastes (dangerous byproducts)
- Obtain oxygen
- Synthesize new living materials
- Produce necessary chemicals
- Regulate water balance (part of homeostasis).
- React to change in environment.
- Reproduce other cells.
6. Cells of multicellular organisms depend on each
other.
7. Division of labor exists within cell and within
organisms.
8. Protoplasm is all material in
cell - jelly-like. 2 distinct regions: nucleoplasm, cytoplasm.
9. 70 % water, 30 % protein, fats, oils,
carbohydrates, minerals, etc.
10. A chemical factory metabolism,
(anabolism/catabolism).
Hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis.
11. Different cell parts called organelles
accomplish division of labor.
Below is a partial list of cell organelles and
functions:
ÝFor more information on the cell go to these
sites:
Cell
Biology Course
The Cell
Ý